Fire and Ice by Robert Frost Essay example - 519 Words

Fire and Ice by Robert Frost The poem Fire and Ice is a poem written by Robert Frost, and published in 1923. This is a nine-line poem: Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I have tasted of desire, I hold those who favor ice. But if I had to parish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. This is one of Robert Frost simplest poems. When I initially read this poem, the first thing that came to my mind was the biblical theory. In the second line Some say in ice furthered my theory. In the Bible it is told that God destroyed Earth with water the first time he came to get his people (the†¦show more content†¦I was thinking that Frost wanted to basically put a question on our minds, If you had to choose a way to die would you choose fire or ice? In lines seven through nine, To say that destruction ice is also great and would suffice. To me this is saying you would have to choose the lesser of the two evils. Weighting the pros and cons of the two. Asking which one is better for you, a cold slow death or a hot slow death. But in the end of the poem Frost is saying the no matter which one he picks they are both going to give you the same results, death. To analyze the poem better I took each word as if it symbolized a certain characteristic . In lines three and four, From what Ive tasted of desire I hold those who favor fire it led me to believe that Frost was trying to use desire as a metaphor to fire. Desire, can usually be used a negative or a positive manner depending on the context its use. In the poem I think that Frost is using it in a negative sense, because he is uses words like end, perish, and destruction in the poem. Negatively the word desire can mean the drive to win or receive something at any cost, the urge for power, which is very destructive. In lines six and nine I think I know enough of hate to say that for destruction ice is also great and would suffice. Saying that ice is a metaphor to hate. The word hate is worldly known to have a negative condensation. Hate is alsoShow MoreRelatedFire and Ice by Robert Frost 628 Words   |  3 Pagesto the poem â€Å"Fire and Ice† that many can still relate to today? The popular poem â€Å"Fire and Ice†, was written in in 1920. This poem was very controversial when it was first published. This poem seems to deal with the question â€Å"How will the world end?† Many scientists have different opinions on not only when the world will end, but more specifically how it will end. This poem implies that when dealing with the end of the world, it will end in one of two ways; in fire or in ice. Nearly 100 yearsRead MoreFire And Ice By Robert Frost1349 Words   |  6 Pagesa frozen wasteland has baffled the minds of many people. A man named Robert Frost has written a poem called Fire and Ice that describes his thoughts on how he would prefer to leave this world. Upon reading this poem, the reader can derive two distinct meanings of fire and ice; one being of actual fire and ice destroying the world, and the other having symbols for the fire and ice, such as fire being desire or passion and ice being hatred and deceit. Although this poe m is one of his shortest poemsRead MoreFire And Ice By Robert Frost947 Words   |  4 PagesThere is more than a million poems in the world it seems that are written by Robert Frost, but the most interesting is his Fire and Ice Poem. While reading poetry is not a strong point for some people poetry can open up a whole new world of ideas within a few short sentences no matter how big or small the poem is. Fire and Ice by Robert Frost seems to want to tell the reader how the world might end which mostly true but on the other hand the poem bring out a whole other meaning to just how pressesRead MoreEssayâ€Å"Fire and Ice† by Robert Frost854 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve Robert Frost’s poem â€Å"Fire and Ice† is meant to express. Although the poem is short, it holds a very interesting question to think about. What way would you prefer the world to end? There are two choices. In his poem â€Å"Fire and Ice†, Robert Frost compares and contrasts the two destructive forces: fire and ice. In the first two lines of the poem he presents two options for the end of the world, â€Å"Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice†. I feel that he uses the term fire, not toRead MoreFire and Ice Robert Frost Commentary822 Words   |  4 Pages‘Fire and Ice’ - Robert Frost In the poem ‘Fire and Ice’ Robert Frost explains how the world will end by either fire or ice. The poet uses these two primal elements to serve as a metaphor for the destructive powers of the universal human emotions. ‘Desire’ which he associates with fire, and ‘hate’ which he associates with ice. The poet uses the first person singular and concludes that from personal experience he sides withRead MorePoem Analysis of Fire and Ice by Robert Frost Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagesknow the poem â€Å"Fire and Ice† by Robert Frost. It is pretty famous. But do most people know the meaning of this unique poem? What does Robert Frost mean when he writes â€Å"if the world had to perish twice?† Although it is short, â€Å"Fire and Ice† is a puzzling poem filled with words that hold a meaning that we have to unlock. In the poem, Frost is the narrator and he is speaking to the readers. The issue that Frost discusses is if the world will end in a blazing fire or in freezing ice. Based on the poemRead MorePoem Analysis of Fire and Ice by Robert Frost and The Day They Came For Our House by Don Mattera1916 Words   |  8 Pagespower, and the power of passion. The 20th and 21st centurys have illustrated clearly the deadly potential of power, and not just to the possessor of the power but also to those over whom it is exercised. The poems Fire and Ice and The Day They Came For Our House by Robert Frost and Don Mattera respectively, perfectly convey the idea of the destructive nature of power, the poems are both concerned with Mortality of Age. The ideal readers of these poems are people old enough to understand howRead More Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice Essays991 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s Fire and Ice Fire and Ice is a popular poem written in 1923 by Robert Frost. It is a very well known poem and is used in many high schools and colleges today. Many students along with various critics read this poem as Frost’s idea as to how the world is going to end. People also take this in a Biblical sense, because the passage that God states the next time he destroys the world, it will be in fire. He blatantly states in the first lines, â€Å"Some say the world will end in fireRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice      Ã‚  Ã‚   For Robert Frost, poetry and life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   were one and the same.   In an interview he said, One thing I care about,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and wish young people could care about, is taking poetry as the first form   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of understanding.   Each Robert Frost poem strikes a chord somewhere, each   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   poem bringing us closer to life with the compression of feeling and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   emotion into so few words.   This essay will focus on one particularRead MoreBitterness: Poetry and World1016 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past and present, there have been numerous poets who have composed similar pieces to those of other poets. In 1859, Emily Dickinson produced Success is counted sweetest. In1923, Robert Frost wrote Fire and Ice. That same year, Wallace Stevens created Gubbinal. These three poems share much in common. They contain many of the same elements of poetry, such as connotative meaning, imagery, symbolism, and tone. First, the three famous poems all possess a connotative meaning . Within

Irish Mythology in The Mystery of the Tuatha De Danann

Throughout Irish mythology, there are numerous stories and tales that have been passed down and survived history. These surviving stories are now broken up into four cycles that, in a way, summarize all the stories and tales within the cycle. These cycles include: the Mythological Cycle, the Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle and the Historical Cycle. Within the Mythological Cycle, we see many groups of people present on the island of Ireland, the main group present being the Tuatha De Danann. The Tuatha De Danann are seen as a mystical group of people because of their supernatural powers that they possess. The tales within the Mythological Cycle of Irish mythology tell and show us about the Tuatha De Danann, including their powers, their lifestyle, and their nature and origin, through the descriptions within these tales that gives us a vivid image of the Tuatha De Danann. The Tuatha De Danann first come to the island of Ireland during the reign of the Fir Bolgs and defeated the Fir Bolgs, taking control of the island of Ireland. These people of the Tuatha De Danann are thought to have descended from the goddess Danu and are, therefore, thought to be gods and goddess themselves. They are seen as a mystical people right as the Fir Bolgs meet them because of the Tuatha De Danann setting their boats on fire once they landed on the shores of Ireland. The Tuatha De Danann are also described as being skilled in many fields of the arts including druidry, namely magic, prophecy, and

My Special Place free essay sample

There are so many place that one can go to find tranquility and inspiration, people can go to a church, to the peeks of Kilimanjaro, some may find inspiration at a New York fashion show or an art gallery of Kustiv Klimt, or one can find tranquility by meditating in the oddest of places, like under a bypass or on the streets of a rural Columbian village, others by picking fruit without a corporate business suits on their back. But however they find their own special place, there are many to choose from. For myself, I find peace of mind on the many lakes of Florida, whether it be Lake Jackson or lake Isis, I find it to be nice and calm like a clear day in the sky, but un like the sky the lakes have many faces, many moods and many interpretations. There are days that the waters can be calm and smooth and days when they are rough and windy. We will write a custom essay sample on My Special Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But when I walk around it with my bare feet leaving impression behind, the waters come up and erase the signs of me ever being there or rather of me ever disrupting it natural processes, or when I find a stone that I can skip across the lake and cause a ripple through out the waters, I know that the effect will only last for a short while and proceed to its natural state. And to think about all the living matter that is among the pristine waters. The living organisms going through their natural way life and as lay down and stare into the abyss of the sky and just listen to the running of the water and in the distance the sounds of life that surround me. The water of the lakes is where I find my tranquility and inspiration, my own special place. I find it to be like life itself, it can rough and calm waters like in life, one does not know what the storm of life can bring, like in life, I can have large waves of water but at the same time I also know that the waters will be Calm at some point. Calm waters can be like my own little island, just me and my island, enjoying life to myself and then someone can skip atone and cause a ripple in my water; it does not necessarily have to be a bad thing, because that ripple could be love and that person that skipped a stone in my waters could be the stone skipper I have been waiting for all my life, because maybe we can both enjoy calm waters and cause the ripple effect in each other’s waters. Call it love. I can relate it to so many things when it comes to the waters of the lake, the surroundings of nature and its day to day basis. One can say it is just a lake or just mother nature, but any way you cut it, it is life at its best. And one can relate to it in their own ways. This is where I relax and relate to everyday living. This is where I find my inspiration to this so called social living. This is the place that I can go and get away from it all and yet try to understand life.

Paradigm In Preconception Interconception â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Paradigm In Preconception Interconception? Answer: Introduction Population health intervention focuses on reproductive health, smoking, physical fitness, nutrition, alcohol use, accidents, stress, violence, and many other risk factors of significance to public health. Recent areas of concern in public health are maternal health and infant health. The behavioral risk factor and the planned approaches are the key strategies used to implement the community health functions. During the early years of awareness in public health, promotion bodies developed a particular focus on disease, health education and the vital resources across differentiated programs. The community health model Public health promotion and advancement organizations are focused on strengthening the services that are necessary for enhancing population health through the facilitation of research translation and expansion of collaborative efforts(Babor, 2017). Community health services to adults involve expertise consultations. Public health bodies are also involved in the facilitation of development of the abilities and capacities of programs to raise a healthy society and to provide state leadership to eliminate disparities in the promotion of public health and prevention of disease. The mission of intervention is to avail expertise support aimed at promoting community health. Soon, the function of public health promotion will be enhancing access to practice-based evidence and evidence-based practice in community settings for translation(Collins, 2017). The initiatives of community health have a role of filling the gaps in health promotion. Several models define intervention and development programs. The socio-ecological models Describe the influence of the environment on behavior. Other influences on behavior are political and social factors. Facilitation of change is of importance and is enabled through effective communication to adapt the socio-ecological model to the reality in fact on the ground. Political and sociocultural impacts on health must be included in the health models. These factors pose effects on behavior and maintenance of change by affecting wellness and mental health and touch the fields of spirituality, alternative and complementary medicine. Political influences develop the risk of altering access to health care, race, legislative decisions, racism, discrimination and cultural beliefs and values. Community competencies and social capital must be acknowledged as elements of community efficacy(Fournier, 2017). Community health models must be made adaptable to the local reality. Flexibility will enable the making of choices that are based on the available resources. The local realities should be accommodated somewhat in every community and all dimensions. Constant social stressing factors such as poverty discrimination and environmental threats like hurricanes must be acknowledged as facts that affect some areas and not others. Communication can be facilitated by engaging secondary partners such as spiritual-based organizations and business enterprises(Deutsch, 2017). Business partners are engaged in advertising. Health promotion should speak the language of business to create awareness. Partnering with faith-based organizations must be encouraged and recognized as important in the role of faith and spirituality. Public health models should be resonating with cultures differently. The empowerment of communities necessitates a transparent and open to the power relationships that which perpetuates mugging for health. Facilitation of change of this manner can, for example, enable the creation of awareness of production beneficiaries of products which undermine health like tobacco, benefits of health promotion and costs of disease. Some of the choices made by communities can be costly but the most effective. It is important to influence change in social reformation toward acceptable health promotion and advancement. There is a call for the community to be made knowledgeable in how to work out the political process, which is, addressing the process of change(Frayne, 2017). Initiatives The virtual community provides health tools that are open to the society. Myspace, Google, and Wikipedia form just a number of the available virtual platforms open to the public. The virtual tools bring together different geographic locations. The principles help people to share knowledge, grassroots efforts, and mobilization on public health issues. Information offered to include behavior change, social marketing, evidence-based research, healthy infants and fun to promote health. The virtual community project can be facilitated through partnerships with other secondary establishments like non-governmental organizations(Astell?Burt, 2017). Facilitation of completion of schools by learners also plays a significant role in promoting public health. There is a perfect correlation between high school drop-out rates and chronic diseases. There is a need to develop comprehensive and multisector activities that guarantee high school and college education. The program will target dropouts and curb substance abuse and mental health problems. The older adults should be encouraged to mentor students and establish projects in service learning(Phillips, 2017). Every sector ranging from churches, schools, the court system, and community-based organizations in partnership with the ministry of education should be focused to reduce drop-out rates. A complete community-based exercise program will help in building of the community, mental and physical well-being. Social connectedness, mental and spiritual health can be enhanced through the creation of refurbishment parks, landscaping and recreating of open spaces. The program is a catalyst to social well-being. It can be built by partnerships with other organizations to target all populations and people of all ages. The model has remained active in promoting physical activity and in big communities(Lehtisalo, 2017). The future has to be planned for generic initiatives. The strategies must aim at fitting health issues with the needs of the public(Zhang, 2017). It will help in facilitating the community to adapt, integrate the programs, assimilate best practice, provide funding and track costs. Communities will be empowered to continued funding and multi-step strategies. Implementations need propelling by a leader to manage epidemic management and health prevention. Leadership will help in directing the focus of specific geographic locations and specific populations. The transfer of knowledge and translation of research to particular cultures and communities. On directed guidance in knowledge templates, the community itself can translate research programs through tailoring information to fit into the context of the community. In the above issue, we can see that group and panel leadership give expert knowledge transfer to build understanding for further useful translation(Valente, 2017). Conclusion In summing up, programs sensitization will win the support of the community in validating health promotion and advancement. The perception of acceptance will raise credibility in the government both at the state and local levels. It is of great importance to enhancing surveillance to monitor health trends, emerging public health concern, and health status. The community should be encouraged to develop a participatory approach to promote social action and engagement. The final process should be the provision of complementary and alternative medicine to address the problem of mental health partly. References Astell?Burt, T. (2017). The built environment and sexual and reproductive health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 16. Babor, T. (2017). Dutertes War on Drugs and the Silence of the Addiction Science Community. Addiction Science, 491-493. Collins, M. (2017). Commencement. Science, 1-93. Deutsch, N. (2017). After-School Programs to Promote Positive Youth Development: Integrating Research into Practice and Policy. London: Springer. Fournier, R. (2017). A framework to support action in population mental health. Community Health, 105. Frayne, D. (2017). A Paradigm Shift in Preconception and Interconception Care: Using Every Encounter to Improve Birth Outcomes. Maternal Health, 4-12. Lehtisalo, J. (2017). Nutrient intake and dietary changes during a 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention among older adults. Cognitive Impairment and Disability, 291-302. Phillips, S. (2017). Influence, integrity, and the FDA: An ethical framework. Science, 876-877. Valente, T. (2017). Putting the network in interventions. Science, 9500-9501. Zhang, Z. (2017). Data first and treat to target (T2T). Public Health Policy Planning, 1.

Loves Labors Lost Essays - Loves Labours Lost, Performing Arts

Love's Labor's Lost My paper report came a bit late but I was extremely exited to go. I got to watch "Love's Labor's Lost" preformed by the drama department in Juilliard School in Manhattan. I went alone and got through on a waiting list. I never read the play and had no idea what to expect. It turns out that a play is much easier to understand if you are watching people act it out on stage than if you are reading it from a script. And that play was meant to be watched. It was full of obscure jokes, and strange language which is relevant to the times when it was written but does not seem to make sense to the modern reader. The actor's body language, the expression on their faces and the general movement on stage tells the story almost independently of the written play. In other word's how the actors say their lines matter as much as what they are saying. I understood why a play is supposed to be seen on stage rather than read in a classroom. The first thing to note about the production was that it was moved out of its time frame. The original play takes place somewhere in Shakespearean times in Europe. This version puts the actors in modern clothing. The are portrayed as school children at play more than adults. The whole play tied into the theme of Cupid and the futility of attempting to resist love. Everything is about movement and it seems almost as a ballet or an elaborate dance production. The opening act starts with four young men (Navarre, Berowne, Longaville, and Dumain) making an absurd pact to dedicate 3 years to studying and abstain from women's company and all other "earthly delights". On stage these men seem more like children. They are wearing school boy's clothing and brandish wooden swords to make a pact. In the middle of the stage in a little school house with a classroom inside. The foursome is carrying book bags and speak in exaggerated tones. The colors are very vibrant and lively, giving the stage more movement and a feeling of light spirit. Once the four have made their vows, Cupid will have his revenge. He finds his servant in the form of Costard the clown who in the production appears as a "spanish ghetto" joker in baggy jeans and a lot of very colorful shirts. The play is full of sexual innuendoes, heavy flirting and even a few rap numbers. I have never hears Shakespeare being raped before but it seemed to have a good beat to it. In the second movement we are introduced to the four ladies of the play: Rosaline, Maria, Katharine, and the Princess of France). They are dressed as teenage girls with a risky fashion sense. Their characters are very distinct with one representing a nerd, one a sports jock one a flirt and the Princess a strong independent woman. The ladies are ready for a warm reception but Navarre, being true to his pact, refuses to let them in. Thus they are ready to aid Cupid in his revenge against the arrogant men who thought to ignore his arrows. Here each actor seems a clown with a lot of overplaying. Each motion is bright and obvious, giving the viewer as much help as possible with the understanding of the play. The music is live and very sad contrasting what happens on stage. It prepares the audience for the inevitable tragic ending of the play and tones down the flashy acting. Soon all the boys break their oath and fall in love with the young women and the clever and sharp flirting begins. What the play lacks in clarity of words it makes up in the expression on the actor's faces. Boyet is interestingly enough portrayed as a wild bisexual, Armado is showing homosexual tendencies as well. That makes the play more "fun" for the modern viewer and brings the jokes down to the level where they can be appreciated more by the audience. The actors were all young students of the school but their skills were not equal. Costard took the audience by storm by being what he was supposed to be - a clown. I forgave the rude gestures, the wild movement on stage and the strange rap number because it was in the character. The performer was not inhibited and felt at home doing anything on the stage. Surprisingly the character of King Navarre seemed

DDT- A problem essays

DDT- A problem essays The controversial use of DDT has been common place in the late 19th to early 20th century. As many pesticides started, their costs were overlooked by the out-weighing benefits. DDT has both advantages and disadvantages that cohere to its history. The advantages being that of controlling malaria and other insect causing diseases. Meanwhile, the disadvantages are that of harming animal populations, specifically the marine community and birds. Not to mention causing cancer in humans. The history behind DDT is rather prevalent. It was discovered in the late 19th century, but dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDT) insecticidal property wasnt discovered until 1948. The credit for this discovery was given to Paul Muller when he received a Nobel Prize in medicine for his findings on DDT. As stated earlier, it was used to controlled malaria and other tropical-disease outbreaks all over the world. It was cheap and effective. Little did people know that it was a cancer-causing agent in the making. It worked like a charm for many farmers that used it haphazardly on their crop. In and around the 1960s, Health officials started to notice harmful effects directly related to the use of DDT. In some fish, it had the capability of converting a male fish into a female that would later bear viable young. In humans, it hindered the immune system, particularly in babies because of their weak immune systems when born. The way humans got infect was by direct and indirect means. The direct way was the immediate handling of the pesticide. On the other hand, the indirect way could be classed as a type of synergy. This by which the DDT was sprayed over a crop, rain runoff would spill into a body of water containing DDT, within this process a worm ultimately got infected by it, then a fish ate the worm continuing the infection. Soon afterward a human would eat the fish and become infected as well. DDT was finally ba ...

International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

International Political Economy - Essay Example International political became known as a focal point of study in the 1960s. This was sparked by the drastic advancement of the international economy following interests in global politics. The already set and developing field drew upon diverse sources including history and economics (Biersteker, 1993). This is in addition to international relations thereby manifesting the field as a disciplinary promiscuity that remains a feature up to date. An element of ancient international political economy that has not stood the test of time is the engagement that intertwined the extensive invisible college of initiating scholars. As this imperceptible school of thought untangled, two types of international political economy emerged. Even though their range partly related, one type is predominant in the United States and the other in the United Kingdom and Canada. The prime type in the United States is the rationalist. Consequently, inter-relationships between the states are their focal areas o f concern. Furthermore, they have evolved sharply and revolutionalized formal models and dominant operatives that assist them to survive competitive interstate complexities (Palan, 2000). In this way, rationalists depict these states as the greatest beneficiaries in acquiring incentives for international collaboration. Insatiable for data and inclined towards solving problems, rationalists devote much of their energy to theoretical deliberations as to empirical work. A majority are fond of assumptions that relate to the role of domination in stabilizing international economy. Additionally, they are used to creating up framework of governing institutions, an inclination that may derive from their supremacy features. On the contrary, scholars of the diverse critical aspect in international political economy are dominant in the United Kingdom and Canada. These scholars spend much of their energy unearthing the concealed workings of hegemony, both the global

TSCA definitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TSCA definitions - Essay Example he various ways in which one can be exposed to PCBs include breathing air that contain PCBs, eating food that contain PCBs, or touching anything that contains them. PCBs usually remain in the environment for long periods of time, and for this reason, therefore, people can easily be exposed to them when they come in contact with things that contain them. Due to their long stay in the environment, one can easily be exposed to them by coming into contact with the equipment or any other thing that contain them like the, electrical transformers, capacitors, fluorescent lighting fixtures, and appliances. It is recommended by NIOSH that workers should not breathe air that contains 42 or 54% chlorine, i.e. PCB levels higher than 1 microgram per cubic meter of air (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½g/m3) for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. EPA demands that companies that either transport, store, or dispose of PCBs adhere to the rules and regulations of the federal hazardous waste management program. Also, EPA limits the amount of PCBs put into public waste water treatment plants. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a valence state (+6) of the element chromium; there are many more valences of the element chromium. Cr(VI) is produced through an industrial process. One of the bad effects of Cr(VI) to human beings is that Cr(VI) is known to cause cancer. Also, Cr(VI) targets the respiratory system, liver, kidneys, skin and eyes. From the OSAH website we learn that approximately 558,000 workers are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) in the United States. Employees can be exposed to hex chrome in different was including breathing in of dusts, mists or fume, ingestion, or through dermal or eye contact . Wellbeing impacts related with presentation to hex chrome can include disturbance or harm to the skin and eyes.   Direct skin contact to Hex Chrome can bring about undesirable susceptible response known as contact dermatitis. Once an anaphylaxis grows, even concise skin contact can bring about manifestations.

Features of multiculturalism in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Features of multiculturalism in London - Essay Example At low tide the channel would have shrunk to about 275 m, still considerably wider than the river of today which is about 200 m across. On its north side the Thames had cut against a pair of low hills, and it was here that the town was built. The western hill, Ludgate Hill, is now occupied by St Paul's Cathedral whilst that to the east (hereinafter referred to as Cornhill) is presently surmounted by Leadenhall market. These hills were separated by the valley of the Walbrook, the upper parts of which remained marshland until reclaimed in the Roman period. To the west of Ludgate Hill was the Fleet River, and on both hills there were springs which fed small streams.Despite intense search no trace has been found of any immediately pre-Roman occupation in the City, although several sites have produced remains of earlier prehistoric activity, especially in the area of Bishop's gate. The skeleton of a young man found at the Tower of London might have been buried in the late Iron Age but thi s is far from certain (Parnell 1985, 5-7). The distribution of certain pre-Roman coin types seems to indicate that some form of centre had been established in the lower Thames valley, west of London, in the early first century BC. There is no evidence, however, that this hypothetical site had continued beyond c. 60 BC and it is of little evident relevance to the later history of the area. We can be reasonably certain that there were no major settlements in or around London at the time of the conquest. The modern London still reflects the old side of London which shows which makes the seasoned visitors interested in a different perspective on the city, here's a guide to tile high life in London -- just In time for cheap fall fares and tempting holiday getaways. (Taylor, 1999, 45) Many great cities have high points providing fabulous views: Paris has the Eiffel Tower and Sacre Coeur; Rio de Janeiro, Sugarloaf Mountain; New York City, the Empire State Building and World Trade Center. Recently, London added an aerial view to its many charms -- British Airways London Eye began taking passengers high over the River Thames in March. (Pile 1999, 4-9) In the early 1960s, the height of the buildings in London was restricted to almost 100 feet (30 metres), even though there were some exceptions to this rule. This reason for this restriction was to keep every floor of a building accessible to the fire brigade's ladders. During the 1960s, the lifting of the height limit caused a boom in the building of tall buildings. Of these, most conspicuous was the Post Office (now BT) Tower, built as a microwave relay station. The NatWest Tower, one of London's tallest monuments, was completed in 1980 and is 183m tall. Then, in 1991, it was followed by 1 Canada Square which was 235m tall and formed the centrepiece of the Canary Wharf development. After a gap of around 10 years, many new skyscrapers were built - 8 Canada Square, 25 Canada Square, the Heron Quays buildings and the award-winning 30 St Mary Axe.Two other of London's tallest buildings, left is Tower 42 (183 metres, 600 feet, once called the NatWest Tower) and right is the Swiss Re Tower (180 metres, 590 feet). London might see more skyscrapers appearing in the next few years, as part of the London's high-rise boom. The 306m Shard London Bridge, the 288m Bishopsgate Tower and fifteen other skyscrapers

The Political Environment Of Business

The Political Environment Of Business Business environment consists of all those factors that have a bearing on the business, such as the strengths, weaknesses, internal power relations and orientations of the organization; government policies and regulations; nature of the economy and economic conditions; socio-cultural factors; demographic trends; natural factors; and, global trends and cross-border developments. Business Environment Interrelationship Any meaningful organization has certain mission, objectives and goals and a strategy to achieve them. Business environment has a bearing on the shaping of all these integral and interrelated elements. It is, therefore, only very appropriate that formulation of strategy is sometimes defined as establishing a proper firm environment fit. Indeed, the mission /objectives/goals themselves should be based on an assessment of the external environment and the organizational factors (i.e. the internal environment ). A SWOT analysis (analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the organization and opportunities and threats in the environment), therefore is one of the first steps in the strategic management process. Business dynamics , to a large extent , is a dependent factor it depends on , inter alia, the environmental dynamics . hence , the importance of environmental analysis . The external environment has , broadly , two components , i.e., business oppourtinities and threats to business . similarly , the organizational environment has two components : strengths and weaknesses of the organization .thus , strategy formulation is properly pitting th organizational factors (internal environment ) against the opportunities and threats in the external environment . In other words , business decisions are conditioned by two broad sets of factors , i.e., the internal environment and the external environment. Business Decision A SWOT analysis therefore is one of the first steps in strategic management process . business dynamics, to a large extent , is a dependent factor it depends on , inter alia , the environmental dynamics. Hence, there is a importance of environmental analysis . Types of environment On the basis of the extent of intimacy with the firm , the environmental factors may be classified in to different types or levels . as indicated above , there are , broadly two types of environment , the internal environment , i.e., factors internal to the firm and external environment , i.e., factors external to the firm which have relevance to it . The internal factors are generally regarded as controllable factors because the company has a control over these factors ; it can alter or modify such factors as its personnel , physical facilities , organization and functional means , such as marketing mix , to suit the environment . The external factors , on the other hand , are , by and large , beyond the control of a company. The external or environmental factors such as the economic factors , socio-cultural factors , government and legal factors , demographic factors , geo-physical factors etc., are , therefore, generally regarded as uncontrollable factors . It may , however , be noted that a firm may not sometimes have complete control over all the internal factors . also , it is some times possible to change certain external factors. Some of the external factors have a direct and intimate impact on the firm ( like the suppliers and distributors of the firm ) . these factors are classified as micro environment , also known as task environment and operating environment . there are other external factors which affect an industry very generally ( such as industrial policy , demographic factors , etc . ). They constitute what is called macro environment , general environment or remote environment . Business environment Dimock observes : the two most powerful institutions in society today are business and government ; where they meet on common ground-amicably or otherwise together they determine public policy , both foreign and domestic , for a nation The political environment includes factors such as the characteristics and policies of the political parties , the nature of constitution and government system and the government environment encompassing the economic and business policies and regulations . these factors may vary very considerably between different nations , between different provinces of the same nation and also over time. The major economic policy decisions often have political underpinnings. The adoption, in the early 1950s of the principle of socialist pattern of society as the socio-economic philosophy by the congress party, which ruled India until 1995 except for a brief period (1977-1980), was mainly responsible for the public sector dominated development strategy followed in india until the early 1990s. It is indeed the dramatic changes in the political environment in the erstwhile USSR and the East European countries that gave rise to drastic changes in their economic policies in the late 1980s. And these developments have encouraged a revolutionary change in Indias economic policies in 1991. Peter Drucker in the Management Challenges for the 21st century observes : Even within transactional economic units , national politics still over rule economic rationality despite the European economic community, for instance, it has proven all but politically impossible to close a totally redundant plant in Belgium and shift the work to a French plant of the same country only 30 miles away, but on the other side of a national border. Many political decisions have serious economic and business implications. The economic policy of ruling party is very important. In the past communists and other leftists favored state capitalism and were against private capital, particularly foreign. Important economic policies such as industrial policy, policy towards foreign capital and technology, fiscal policy and foreign trade policy are often political decisions. Business is an economic activity. But to be effective, business mangers, must also take into consideration the non-economic environment of business. One should give importance to politico-legal environment of business. The Government is a political institution, but it also serves a social purpose, it formulates and executes social policies , it provides the means of maximizing social benefits and minimizing social costs. In other words, the Government itself has a social value and culture. In the modern world, business of any type any structure and any size is often affected by Government polices, programmes and legislations. The Government has its own form, structure, style and ideology or outlook. Business has to organize its activity, and the businessmen have to define their respective business strategy and business tactics depending upon the nature of the Government at work . In other words, business policy decisions are designed according to the Governments overall policy and environment of the system. The ideology or philosophy or outlook of the government of every country enacts and executes a set of policies and programmes. few of the policies are being executed through legislations. The politico-legal environment constitutes the legislations and enactments, rules and regulations, systems and procedures, policies and plans, statements and announcements, directives and guidelines by the Government . To become a successful manger, one should take into considerati on the political environment of business, and then capitalize on the opportunity available in Business environment. The political environment of business consists of several critical elements, e.g., the nature and form of government, the ideology of the ruling party, the strength of the opposition, the role and responsibility of the bureaucracy, political stability, the effectiveness of the Government, its plans and programmes, the socio-economic legislations, and politico-legal institutions, etc. The political environment of business contains a number of critical elements: The Form Of Government Gone are the days of Laissez fare, government intervention to some extent in business activity every where in the world is a rule rather than an exception. So, the form and structure of the Government is a very crucial and decisive factor for the business sector. Following examples may be cited to illustrate this point. As it is said that in democracy such as in India , we have government of the people, by the people and for the people. Peoples participation is so important that even at the enterprise level, we seek workers participation in management, i.e., industrial democracy . Under a federal form of government, we tend to confine the authority of the Central Government with respect to the functional autonomy of the State Governments and, due to this, we allow both Central as well as State level public enterprises. In the same way, the principle of democratic decentralization, authorize even the local Government to collect some business taxes and spend money on local activities. Thus, the system of government and the structure of administration affects business. And in order to secure maximum favor from the existing Government, businessmen also create their own lobby and this factor partly decides whether the Government adopts pro business or anti business measures. For example , as India is a democratic country (or peoples government) , to help medium and small scale entrepreneurs , it has been undertaking several steps like setting up of banks and financial institutions; formulating various policies and schemes, etc. All such measures are specifically focused towards the promotion and development of medium and small scale entrepreneurs. The government (central and state ) has been taking active steps to promote entrepreneurship in various industry and service sectors. It has declared several policies and also implementing schemes and programmes to enhance the global competitiveness of small enterprises across the country. The Ideology Of The Ruling Party In a democratic set up, like in India, the ideology of the ruling party influences ownership , management structure and size of business. rightist inclination of a ruling party may formulate liberal pro-business policies, whereas a leftist bias of a ruling party will develop measures like nationalization and excessive centralization. So the ideology or outlook of the ruling party may help or hurt the core of business activity. Earlier, our government favored progressive income taxes and opposed unregulated business and finance. In recent years they followed centrist economic and social democratic agenda. But , today our ruling party focuses on neo-liberal policies which includes social liberalism secularism and free enterprise system with government regulations. Under the regime of Mr. P. V. Narasimham Rao and then finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, significant economic reforms were initiated and more stress was given on efficiency rather than equity considerations. This affected the work ethos in the day to day operations of public enterprises. In 1991 congress with its alliance introduced New Economic Policy in which they welcome the idea of privatization , which was discontinued by the BJP government under the leadership of then prime minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee . In 2004, again the privatization came into existence with the emergence of congress party. The Strength Of Opposition In a democracy opposition plays as vital role as the government. a government to work in a proper way and according to the will of the people, equally strong and sensible opposition is requisition. an opposition like this leads to the success of democracy like in England which the oldest democracy of the word. Usually , there is one strong political party is opposition which is the strength of democracy in that country. Under the two-party system, the party which gets an absolute majority forms the Government. Under the multi-party system, the party which gets a relative majority forms the Government with the collaboration or support of some other political parties. Others which do not command majority form the Opposition. The strength of the Opposition very often depends on whether or not the Opposition parties are united or divided. They may be ideological differences between parties but the Opposition must act as a whole, and the parties must rise above their ideological differences and should judge every move of the ruling party critically. in India there are a number of opposition parties. The effective working of opposition in democracy is very important. The opposition fastens the growth of the county and slow down its growth by untimely agitations. For example, the violent agitations in Gujarat, Bihar, Assam and Punjab resulted in great loss of life and propensity and failed entirely to gain their objectives which affects the working of business entities. So if the Opposition is fair, firm and consistent, it can make constructive criticism of Government polices affecting business. As a result, the Government cannot afford to act irresponsibly with regard to the business sector in the economy. Recently also, the Governments policy of foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail is wrongly criticized due to political reasons by opposition. Such kind of destructive approach is against the national interest. So in a democracy, an effective Opposition is as crucial as Government to protect, promote and regulate business in the best interest of society. Role And Responsibility Of Bureaucracy In any country , Government works through the bureaucracy. In a democratic set up, different parties may be voted in or out of the Government as and when elections are held. Even if the same party rules, thee is no guarantee that the same person will hold charge of a Ministry. Ministers change from time to time, but Government administration must continue without any break. This is where the bureaucracy comes in. bureaucracy is the permanent machinery of the Government, it is meant to keep the flow in Government operations in relation to both business and non-business sectors. In a system where the Government controls and regulates the business extensively, the bureaucracy is very powerful in enforcing Government rules and regulations, systems and procedures, licenses and restrictions. So the Businessmen, should, tend to oblige the bureaucracy in a number of ways. Role of bureaucracy in a country like India which is a developing country are: Policy Formulation- Formulation of Policy is the crucial function of political leaders or members. But the executives also have to play a vital role in it. They advise the ministers in policy making . Political leaders or members being amateurs cannot understand the technical complexities of laws and policies and hence depend upon the expert advice of professional civil executives. Policy Implementation This is the most essential and fundamental function of civil servants. They formulate and execute laws and policies to attain the goals of welfare state that is social equity, economic development, growth and so on Delegated Legislation- This is a quasi legislative function performed by the civil executives. Due to unavailability of time, pressure of work and increased complexities of legislation the legislative makes laws in raw form and delegate its power to the civil executives to make the full fledge bill . so in this sense civil executive makes bills ,rules and regulations, but within the boundary of the parent law that is enacted by the legislature. Delegated legislation is also known as executive legislation or subordinate legislation. Administrative Adjudication- This is a quasi judicial function performed by the civil executives. The civil executives settle disputes between the citizens and the state. There are Administrative Tribunals with judges who solves this dispute among citizens and the state. Examples of some of the tribunals in India are : the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Industrial Tribunals, Rent Tribunals and Railway Rates Tribunals. These tribunal functions beyond the ordinary court system. In addition to the above, the civil executives also performs the following functions-Administrative planning, administration of public enterprises ,handling financial operations etc. When the Government introduced liberalization in 1991 i.e., relaxation of rules and regulations, streamlining of systems and procedures, control turns out to be redundant and meaningless. At that time the bureaucracy finds that it is going to loose its age old role and responsibility of enforcing controls, as the same has happened with economic reforms. Powerlessness is a terrible situation for the bureaucracy. So they opposed towards liberalization. The bureaucracy enjoys imposition and execution of controls and regulations and the subject of controls and regulations had profound implications for business. For example, professional management of quite a few of our public enterprises has become a perpetual tussle between bureaucrats and technocrats. Politico-legal institutions Business and economic policies are statutorily enforced through laws. Various socio-economic legislations are subject to business operation which constitutes the legal environment. In todays scenario there are so many laws that are prevailing which can affects the business operations and it is required by the modern businessmen to have a basic knowledge regarding law and he needs legal advice constantly. Today business is more a kind of a legal contract rather than a social contract. Business laws are numerous in number and various in form. The laws are enacted to protect the business interests of various groups in society. The laws are needed to protect consumers, workers, mangers, owners, shareholders and society at large. There are many business legislations such as MRTP,FERA, IDRA etc. The order is maintained in the industrial economy through the above said legislations . Industrial order and harmony is essential for survival and expansion of business. Laws are not only meant to protect the business but sometimes it also creates the business. for example in Tax laws , more the number of operations of business ,the more the complications of tax laws the more will be the business of tax consultants. Thus economic legislations and business environment are interdependent on each other. Last but not the least, the legal institutions also plays a crucial role as a part of the noneconomic environment of business. The organs of the Government effects functioning of the legislative, executive and judicial business environment directly and indirectly in all manners. The above said organs run through organizations and institutions. The judiciary functions through organizations and institutions. For example, in India the judiciary runs through the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts. Unless these courts function efficiently, adjudication of business matters, will be at stake. For example , unless the police department acts with vigilance, the economic offences in a country will increase. The successful operation of business depends upon cooperation and coordination between number of Government departments like DGTD, DGS D BPE, etc. Sometimes, business suffers because of inter-ministerial or inter-departmental conflict. To avoid this kind of conflict, very often coordinating cells are created. Efficient working of the cells will helps in running business prosperously without constraints, otherwise, red-tapism, procedural delay, excessive centralization, lack of dedication and absence of departmental coordination will frustrate business activity.

Aggressive Behavior Equals Man :: essays research papers

Aggressive Behavior Equals Many Rewards A little boy in Eastern Oklahoma is riding a bicycle for the first time, when suddenly he falls to the ground. His father running behind him tells him to get up and not to cry. A little girl from the same city is playing on the playground at school; she falls out of the swing and scraps her knee. She cries for hours, while her mother tells her, â€Å"It will be okay.† From the time little boys are young they are taught to be tough, to withstand pain, and not to give in to anything. In today’s society males are rewarded for aggressive and intimidating behavior. Intimidation takes place in many aspects of life, even though it is not always caused by aggressive behavior. Athletic events always seem to reward males for aggressive and intimidating behavior. Football games are a great example of the kinds of rewards males receive for their aggressiveness. Coaches teach their players to be physical and tough, but two of the essential elements of football are aggressiveness and intimidation. Football is an aggressive sport in many ways; a ball carrier must attack the line of scrimmage aggressively, or he will be tackled in the backfield. Defensive players must be aggressive also, so that they can make tackles. Basketball is another athletic event that rewards aggressive behavior. Although basketball seems harmless, it is a sport that requires a tremendous amount of aggressive behavior. When I was younger, before basketball game I would always get a pep talk from my dad. He would tell me to be aggressive and to take the ball inside. He always told me to play tough, work hard for rebound, play good defense, and when somebody came into the paint make them pay for it. Our basketball coaches in junior high taught us that when a player came inside the paint, knock them down and next time they would not be as eager to take the ball inside on us. When we would exhibit this behavior we would be rewarded with a pat on the back, a high five, and sometimes even a water break. It seems like every time the television is turned on, there are at least three wrestling programs going on at once. At one time, wrestling was on the television only once a week, but now it is on three or four times a week.

We Real Cool: Stay in School

Wednesday on the final week of senior year and the only thing happening in my classes was the exchanging of yearbooks. I had already gotten signatures from all of my closest friends, except one who hadn't been at school the past two days; his name was Frank Gritty. He was a childhood friend who was always known for being a trouble maker, so it wasn't unusual for him to ditch. After not having seen him In any of the classes we had together, I decided to pay him a visit after school, since he TLD live very far.As I was approaching his house, I noticed a police car parked outside with someone sitting In the back. It was Frank and he had Just been arrested for taking a Joyride in a stolen car with some guys who were â€Å"cool,† very much Like the characters In Gondolas Brook's poem, ‘We Real Cool,† which tells the story of seven rebellious dropouts who play pool at a bar and live a fast lifestyle full of crime. Brooks' poem Is an attempt to teach readers the Importanc e of education, and the consequences that people who choose a life of crime must ultimately face: death.Brooks explores these themes through his use of rime, symbolism, imagery, and tone. In the first stanza of the poem alone, Me real cool. We Left school. † Brooks exercises the uses of both rime and irony. As each word is a single syllable, it gives the poem faster rhythm, much like the fast life of someone who chooses a lifestyle of crime over education. He is suggesting that people who choose to leave school are living too fast for their own good.The first line is used to show reader's the narrator's ego, while the second quickly provides us with us with realization that these â€Å"cool† pool players are actually dropouts. Brooks is using irony to illustrate the idea that rebellion, and the desire to abandon education is commonly seen as a desirable and â€Å"cool† thing to do mongo the youth, when people who choose to drop out are actually harming themselves and not allowing themselves to live up to their full potential.Brooks then goes on to list the crimes that the narrator his gang commit and makes use of sound in attempt to make the read a pleasurable experience while still delivering a powerful message. An example of this can be seen in lines such as â€Å"Lurk late† and â€Å"Strike straight. † This use of alliteration gives the poem an essence of sound, almost like a song, which gives much more emphasis to the idea that the speaker believes he Is â€Å"cool† for the foul acts they commit. The line â€Å"Strike straight† suggests that the gang commits perfect crimes and is therefore proud of getting away with them.Assonance can also be seen in each stanza of the poem with words such as â€Å"sin/glen† and â€Å"June/ soon. † After painting a â€Å"cool† picture of the speaker's actions through a rhythmic sound, Brooks goes on to illustrate the ultimate consequences that one must fa ce for such a lifestyle. Though the musical aspect of the poem creates a somewhat cheerful vibe, the poem ends with the two words â€Å"Del soon. † Brooks Is attempting to Imply that those who choose to live a carefree life of crime, such as the pool players, over a life f education Is sure to live a short one.In short, while It may seem a long tedious task to go to school and receive and education, the long term benefits far outweigh the short-lived sensation of being â€Å"cool. † This style of this poem was written strategically to make an underlying message an enjoyable and interesting read. It is important for becomes educated and reaches his/her full potential. Works Cited Brook, Gondolas. â€Å"We Real Cool. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Deed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Tioga. 12th deed. New York: Pearson, 2013. 1948. Print.

The Top Skill Youll Need to Grow Your Career

The Top Skill Youll Need to Grow Your Career When you think of leaders, â€Å"empathy† might not be the word that comes to mind first. Yet many companies find that developing a more intuitive connection with their employees and customers is improving their bottom lines. Companies that respond to needs (rather than demographics alone) are able to focus on providing a service, rather than just a product. It’s not about the touchy-feely notions of empathy that we often see, but rather perceptiveness. This is just as relevant within a company’s walls. Employees who show emotional intelligence and empathy are often promoted and recognized because they deliver what the company (or customers) want. These are life skills that can be fine-tuned into helpful business skills.Here’s how to apply a more empathetic bent to your career growth.Anticipate workplace needsThis doesn’t mean you should fetch coffee for your boss. But you should look at your projects and goals- what are they supposed to achieve? Wh at service do they provide to your boss, your team, your company?Ask for feedbackAsk your manager for a progress report of sorts, or set up a time to talk about your progress on a particular goal. Use your annual performance review to ask questions, and go in-depth on what you’re doing well and what you can change for the coming year. Focus on your achievements, and emphasize how those help your company’s bottom line.Use customer service as a guidePractice by looking around at various companies, both inside and outside of your industry. What do they provide to the public? If it’s a product, what niche does that product fill? What is the company’s relationship to its customers, and what do customers expect?

American Civil War - American Civil War Eastern Theater 1863 to 1865

American Civil War - American Civil War Eastern Theater 1863 to 1865 Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page | Civil War 101 Grant Comes East In March 1864, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and gave him command of all Union armies. Grant elected to turn over operational control of the western armies to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and shifted his headquarters east to travel with Maj. Gen. George G. Meades Army of the Potomac. Leaving Sherman with orders to press the Confederate Army of Tennessee and take Atlanta, Grant sought to engage General Robert E. Lee in a decisive battle to destroy the Army of Northern Virginia. In Grants mind, this was the key to ending the war, with the capture of Richmond of secondary importance. These initiatives were to be supported by smaller campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley, southern Alabama, and western Virginia. The Overland Campaign Begins the Battle of Wilderness In early May 1864, Grant began moving south with 101,000 men. Lee, whose army numbered 60,000, moved to intercept and met Grant in a dense forest known as the Wilderness. Adjacent to the 1863 Chancellorsville battlefield, the Wilderness soon became a nightmare as the soldiers fought through the dense, burning woods. While Union attacks initially drove the Confederates back, they were blunted and forced to withdrawal by the late arrival of Lt. Gen. James Longstreets corps. Assaulting the Union lines, Longstreet recovered the territory that had been lost, but was severely wounded in the fighting. After three days of the fighting, the battle had turned into a stalemate with Grant having lost 18,400 men and Lee 11,400. While Grants army had suffered more casualties, they comprised a lesser proportion of his army than Lees. As the Grants goal was to destroy Lees army, this was an acceptable outcome. On May 8, Grant ordered the army to disengage, but rather than withdrawal towards Washington, Grant ordered them to continue moving south. Battle of Spotsylvania Court House Marching southeast from the Wilderness, Grant headed for Spotsylvania Court House. Anticipating this move, Lee dispatched Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson with Longstreets corps to occupy the town. Beating the Union troops to Spotsylvania, the Confederates constructed an elaborate set of earthworks in the rough shape of an inverted horseshoe with a salient at the northern point known as the Mule Shoe. On May 10, Col. Emory Upton led a twelve regiment, spearhead attack against the Mule Shoe which broke the Confederate line. His assault went unsupported and his men were forced to withdrawal. Despite the failure, Uptons tactics were successful and were later replicated during World War I. Uptons attack alerted Lee to the weakness of the Mule Shoe section of his lines. To reinforce this area, he ordered a second line built across the salients base. Grant, realizing how close Upton had been to succeeding ordered a massive assault on the Mule Shoe for May 10. Led by Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancocks II Corps, the attack overwhelmed the Mule Shoe, capturing over 4,000 prisoners. With his army about to be split in two, Lee led Lt. Gen. Richard Ewells Second Corps into the fray. In a full day and nights fighting, they were able to retake the salient. On the 13th, Lee withdrew his men to the new line. Unable to break through, Grant responded as he did after Wilderness and continued moving his men south. North Anna Lee raced south with his army to assume a strong, fortified position along the North Anna River, always keeping his army between the Grant and Richmond. Approaching the North Anna, Grant realized that he would need to split his army to attack Lees fortifications. Unwilling to do so, he moved around Lees right flank and marched for the crossroads of Cold Harbor. Battle of Cold Harbor The first Union troops arrived at Cold Harbor on May 31 and began skirmishing with the Confederates. Over the next two days the scope of the fighting grew as the main bodies of the armies arrived on the field. Facing the Confederates over a seven mile line, Grant planned a massive assault for dawn on June 3. Firing from behind fortifications, the Confederates butchered the soldiers of the II, XVIII, and IX Corps as they attacked. In the three days of fighting, Grants army suffered over 12,000 casualties as opposed to only 2,500 for Lee. The victory at Cold Harbor was to be the last for the Army of Northern Virginia and haunted Grant for years. After the war he commented in his memoirs, I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made...no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained. The Siege of Petersburg Begins After pausing for nine days at Cold Harbor, Grant stole a march on Lee and crossed the James River. His objective was to take the strategic city of Petersburg, which would cut the supply lines to Richmond and Lees army. After hearing that Grant crossed the river, Lee rushed south. As the lead elements of the Union army approached, they were prevented from entering by Confederate forces under Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard. Between June 15-18, Union forces launched a series of attacks, but Grants subordinates failed to push home their assaults and only forced Beauregards men to retire to citys inner fortifications. With the full arrival of both armies, trench warfare ensued, with the two sides facing off in a precursor to World War I. In late June, Grant began a series of battles to extend the Union line west around the south side of the city, with the goal of severing the railroads one by one and overextending Lees smaller force. On July 30, in an effort to break the siege, he authorized the detonation of a mine under the center of the Lees lines. While the blast took the Confederates by surprise, they quickly rallied and beat back the mishandled follow-up assault. Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page | Civil War 101 Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page Civil War 101 Campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley In conjunction with his Overland Campaign, Grant ordered Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel to move southwest up the Shenandoah Valley to destroy the rail and supply center of Lynchburg. Sigel began his advance but was defeated at New Market on May 15, and replaced by Maj. Gen. David Hunter. Pressing on, Hunter won a victory at the Battle of Piedmont on June 5-6. Concerned about the threat posed to his supply lines and hoping to force Grant to divert forces from Petersburg, Lee dispatched Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early with 15,000 men to the Valley. Monocacy Washington After halting Hunter at Lynchburg on June 17-18, Early swept unopposed down the Valley. Entering Maryland, he turned east to menace Washington. As he moved towards the capital, he defeated a small Union force under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace at Monocacy on July 9. Though a defeat, Monocacy delayed Earlys advance allowing Washington to be reinforced. On July 11 and 12, Early attacked the Washington defenses at Fort Stevens with no success. On the 12th, Lincoln viewed part of the battle from the fort becoming the only sitting president to be under fire. Following his attack on Washington, Early withdrew to the Valley, burning Chambersburg, PA along the way. Sheridan in the Valley To deal with the Early, Grant dispatched his cavalry commander, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan with an army of 40,000 men. Advancing against Early, Sheridan won victories at Winchester (September 19) and Fishers Hill (September 21-22) inflicting heavy casualties. The decisive battle of the campaign came at Cedar Creek on October 19. Launching a surprise attack at dawn, Earlys men drove the Union troops from their camps. Sheridan, who was away at a meeting in Winchester, raced back to his army and rallied the men. Counterattacking, they broke Earlys disorganized lines, routing the Confederates and forcing them to flee the field. The battle effectively ended the fighting in the Valley as both sides rejoined their larger commands at Petersburg. Election of 1864 As military operations continued, President Lincoln stood for reelection. Partnering with War Democrat Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, Lincoln ran on the National Union (Republican) ticket under the slogan Dont Change Horses in the Middle of a Stream. Facing him was his old nemesis Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan who was nominated on a peace platform by the Democrats. Following Shermans capture of Atlanta and Farraguts triumph at Mobile Bay, Lincolns reelection was all but assured. His victory was a clear signal to the Confederacy that there would be no political settlement and that war would be prosecuted to end. In the election, Lincoln won 212 electoral votes to McClellans 21. Battle of Fort Stedman In January 1865, President Jefferson Davis appointed Lee to command of all Confederate armies. With the western armies decimated, this move came too late for Lee to effectively coordinate a defense of the remaining Confederate territory. The situation worsened that month when Union troops captured Fort Fisher, effectively closing the Confederacys last major port, Wilmington, NC. At Petersburg, Grant kept pressing his lines west, forcing Lee to further stretch his army. By mid-March, Lee began to consider abandoning the city and making an effort to link up with Confederate forces in North Carolina. Prior to pulling out, Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon suggested a daring attack on the Union lines with the goal of destroying their supply base at City Point and forcing Grant to shorten his lines. Gordon launched his attack on March 25 and overran Fort Stedman in the Union lines. Despite early success, his breakthrough was quickly contained and his men driven back to their own lines. Battle of Five Forks Sensing Lee was weak, Grant ordered Sheridan to attempt a move around the Confederate right flank to the west of Petersburg. To counter this move, Lee dispatched 9,200 men under Maj. Gen. George Pickett to defend the vital crossroads of Five Forks and the Southside Railroad, with orders to hold them at all hazards. On March 31, Sheridans force encountered Picketts lines and moved to attack. After some initial confusion, Sheridans men routed the Confederates, inflicting 2,950 casualties. Pickett, who was away at a shad bake when the fighting started, was relieved of his command by Lee. The Fall of Petersburg The following morning, Lee informed President Davis that Richmond and Petersburg would have to be evacuated. Later that day, Grant launched a series of massive assaults all along the Confederate lines. Breaking through in numerous places, Union forces forced the Confederates to surrender the city and flee west. With Lees army in retreat, Union troops entered Richmond on April 3, finally achieving one of their principle war goals. The next day, President Lincoln arrived to visit the fallen capital. The Road to Appomattox After occupying Petersburg, Grant began chasing Lee across Virginia with Sheridans men in the lead. Moving west and harried by Union cavalry, Lee hoped to re-supply his army before heading south to link up with forces under Gen. Joseph Johnston in North Carolina. On April 6, Sheridan was able to cut off approximately 8,000 Confederates under Lt. Gen. Richard Ewell at Saylers Creek. After some fighting the Confederates, including eight generals, surrendered. Lee, with fewer than 30,000 hungry men, hoped to reach supply trains that were waiting at Appomattox Station. This plan was dashed when Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. George A. Custer arrived in the town and burned the trains. Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page Civil War 101 Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page | Civil War 101 Meeting at Appomattox Court House While most of Lees officers favored surrender, others did not fearing that it would lead to the end of the war. Lee also sought to prevent his army from melting away to fight on as guerrillas, a move that he felt would have long term harm for the country. At 8:00 AM Lee rode out with three of his aides to make contact with Grant. Several hours of correspondence ensued which led to a cease fire and a formal request from Lee to discuss surrender terms. The home of Wilmer McLean, whose house in Manassas had served as Beauregards headquarters during the First Battle of Bull Run, was selected to host the negotiations. Lee arrived first, wearing his finest dress uniform and awaited Grant. The Union commander, who had been suffering a bad headache, arrived late, wearing a worn privates uniform with only his shoulder straps denoting his rank. Overcome by the emotion of the meeting, Grant had difficulty getting to the point, preferring to discuss his previous meeting with Lee during the Mexican-American War. Lee steering the conversation back to the surrender and Grant laid out his terms. Grants Terms of Surrender Grants terms: I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of N. Va. on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate. One copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery and public property to be parked and stacked, and turned over to the officer appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside. In addition, Grant also offered to allow the Confederates to take home their horses and mules for use in the spring planting. Lee accepted Grants generous terms and the meeting ended. As Grant rode away from the McLean house, the Union troops began to cheer. Hearing them, Grant immediately ordered it stopped, stating he did not want his men exalting over their recently defeated foe. End of the War The celebration of Lees surrender was muted by the assassination of President Lincoln on April 14 at Fords Theater in Washington. As some of Lees officers had feared, their surrender was the first of many. On April 26, Sherman accepted Johnstons surrender near Durham, NC, and the other remaining Confederate armies capitulated one by one over the next six weeks. After four years of fighting, the Civil War was finally over. Previous: War in the West, 1863-1865 Page | Civil War 101

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details Assignment

One page background of the company Novartis ( include all the details ) - Assignment Example its creation, Novartis as well as its parent companies have created and introduced a range of innovative medicines and products for consumers in general and patients in particular all over the world. The global headquarters of Novartis are located in Basel, Switzerland and the number of countries this company operates in is 140 (â€Å"About Novartis†). The businesses of Novartis are categorized into six different divisions of operation, namely Alcon, Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, Corporate, Consumer, and Vaccines and Diagnostics. Alcon is for eye care whereas Sandoz is for generics. Consumer has two further divisions, namely Animal Health and Over-the-Counter. Novartis functions directly as well as through a number of subsidiaries in different countries across the globe, all of which lie in one of its divisions which are categorized by Novartis as fulfilling at least one of these functions; sales, holding or finance, research, and production. The mission of Novartis is cure and care. The company’s goal is to discover, formulate and introduce innovative products in the market successfully so that diseases can be prevented and cured, suffering of humanity can be eased, and the quality of life can be enhanced. In addition to that, Novartis also offers a shareholder return which shows wonderful performance and benefits the shareholders. Novartis also prepares drugs for the health and safety of animals, including pets as well as farming animals. â€Å"For pets, our products are effective aids to prevent internal and external parasites and treat ailments such as arthritic pain and kidney, heart and allergic diseases† (â€Å"Novartis Animal Health†). An in-depth analysis of the way Novartis sorts out data reveals the fact that the survival and success of Novartis can partly be attributed to the intelligent way in which the company sorts out data. The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry lodged a complaint against Novartis Pharma K.K. complaining that the company’s

Utilization of Information from Job Analysis Assignment

Utilization of Information from Job Analysis - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that Role Definition – Several of the tools of job analysis, such as a survey, log book, or interview, would help to define the roles of employees.   Since these tools would describe the parts of the job that are done, it would allow management to define the role of a particular job as well. Recruitment – By analyzing job duties for a variety of the jobs at a corporation, you would be better able to recruit potential employees.   This is because you would be able to give them a detailed listing of the sorts of things your company does, making it easier to attract employees with the right skills and experience. Selection - Worker Analysis would help with this duty, as you would be able to determine what kind of work is needed for a particular job, and would then know what kinds of workers you need to hire to fill a particular job. Placement – As with Recruitment, by learning what sorts of employees are required for p articular jobs, you would be better able to match up new hires with jobs that suit their skill set and their experiences. Training and Personnel development – Both Job and Worker Analysis would be useful for this task, as you would be able to determine both the skills needed for the job and the processes it involves.   Then you would be able to better train personnel based on these understandings. Performance Appraisal – By determining the duties of a particular job, you would be able to see how employees actually perform.  

Destructions of Rainforest Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Destructions of Rainforest - Research Paper Example For example, The Amazonian rainforest of South America contributes 20% of the world’s oxygen. Rainforest contributes to pharmaceutical developments in the world. Flora and fauna in the rainforest are used in production of approximately 25-40% of pharmaceutical products with a minimal percentage of native life tested for use. Recently, human activities have drastically reduced the size of rainforests. Most scientists argue that tropical rainforests face exhaustion through the current deforestation rate between the years 2030-2050 (politics.co.uk, 2012). Background Human civilization has led to degradation of rainforests. The rise in human population and the quest for fertile land for agriculture contributed to loss of most forests. Advancements in civilization during the industrial revolution led to increased demand for wood fuel and fertile land for agriculture. Improvements in transport and communication affected rainforests. Deforestation accelerated in the 20th century. The modern version for destruction of rainforests was for commercial purposes. Commercial logging, deforestation to create space for livestock rearing became reasons for rainforest destruction. Creation of European sugar plantations in coastal Brazil and Caribbean propagated rainforest destruction. ... Controversies Science argues that destruction of rainforests has negative impacts on the earth. Destruction of biodiversity and indigenous culture is promoted. Desertification and land degradation promotes loss in soil fertility and Greenhouse Effect which reduces the planet’s ability to recycle carbon dioxide. Economic and politics play roles in deforestation. Most rainforests are found in developing countries, which are characterized by weak political and social institutions. Developing countries depend on timber, land for agriculture, and other valuable resources for economic development. Palm oil production and soy industries pose a threat to deforestation. Conservation measur es enforced by the developed world do not reflect the interest of developing countries. This controversy has led to the debate on conservation of rainforests as a rich-poor agenda. Guidelines used to curb rainforest destruction are flouted by some governments. A country like Brazil faces criticism by environmental organizations like Worldwide Fund for Nature for continuous logging and deforestation practices. Despite this opposition, the developed world cannot be blamed for international pressure. Surveys conducted reveal that most European countries react meagerly to stop illegal importation of timber and other rainforest products. Among the EU states, UK is singled out as the only state that monitors its sources of timber. Consumption of timber products in developed countries remains to soar. The timber products fetch smart money from developed countries than developing ones (politics.co.uk, 2012). As a result, indigenous communities from rainforest areas suffer from catastrophe d ecline. Mortality rates have increased because of diseases like flu, measles and smallpox.

The Time Trap Essay Example for Free

The Time Trap Essay Abstract Timeliness is an important and significant factor of production. Timeliness refers to efficient consciousness of time as resource to achieve desired result within specified period of time. It has widely been mis-conceived. This challenges its efficiency and effectiveness. An increased education operationalizes the relevance of timeliness and therefore enhances productivity and its wise utilization. Careful consideration of time management increases the benefits of an organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time is an important resource available to all at equal measures. The wealthier and the poor alike do have, at their disposal, 24 hours each a day. The concern of the world is how mankind uses or account for every second on a daily basis. Timeliness is referred by academician as a deliberate act of consciousness and wise use of time. It can also be defined as working to achieve set objectives within the stipulated framework of a specified time. Timeliness is therefore a measure of efficiency in production. Organizations, especially government institutions, are victims of mismanagement of time. According to them timeliness is not a measure of production and it is always never too late to carry out government task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The above action draws its foundations on a number of misconceived ideas about time management. One of the misconceptions, is attached success to timeliness, People believe that if they are an achievers, then they are using their time well. This in most cases is misleading as much time is always used to achieve the success claimed. Some persons also practice reluctance most of the time, claiming that they work best under pressure. This is completely unacceptable. It encourages laziness and compromises the quality of output. In other instances, time management has been seen as a way of limiting individuals and therefore depriving them of their freedom to have fun with their friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are diverse aspects that determine individuals’ response towards timeliness. It is widely believed that seniority at corporate level greatly influence the juniors consciousness to timeliness. For instance, when a senior books an appointment with one of the juniors, within the organization, the later will always attempt punctuality. While the former, at times hardly, appreciates the weight of the appointment. Interaction increases cohesion among individuals thereby resulting in different forms of relationships. It has been proven that workers timely output will proportionately measure with the level of interaction. This is because of personal respect and dignity they place on their relationship and may not wish to sour it by lagging behind the time stipulated for production. Another factor that influences the level of timeliness is reward. Where participants’ efforts are appreciated financially, timeliness is considered to some extent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the world, there are powerful human forces of nature that exert a magnetic pull on individuals towards mismanagement of time. Mankind, despite of, his busy work schedule, have fallen as a victim of unplanned visit. Many at times exercise avoidance strategy to concentrate on their work. This breaks the social links. Sacrificing social network is never easy consequently; persons give to the pressure of unplanned visit. Time management in European and United State of America is to some extent admirable. Individuals are programmed for the day.   However in Africa, activities catch up with them and then they carry it out. This approach, coupled with doing many things at a time and maintaining ego’s desire to please others result to unethical and unsustainable use of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another factor that also perpetuates unwise use of time is fear of offending others. Being in the world where love is measured by how much time you are willing to share with your partner, individual control on time management is, in most cases is compromised. Cultural attachment and values put emphasis on family structures and relationships. Thus community functions, which can not be pre-determined, supercedes individuals plans. Absences of community calendar for its activities there by enhance time mismanagement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sensitivity to time management is important and paramount. Insensitivity results in huge economic losses. Mackenzie states that, â€Å"Time which one seemed free and elastic has grown elusive and in tight and our measure of its worth is changing dramatically.† It further, highlights that,† In Florida a man bills his doctor for $90 for keeping him waiting. In New York a woman pays someone $20 an hour to do her shopping.† (Mackenzie, 1997, p.14) With reference to these statistics, lack of consciousness to time management will cripple the continents economy. The government can not afford to pay for economic losses arising from time wastage. This makes timeliness an important pillar in economic development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time is an invisible, unique and finite precious resource and also an important factor of production. It always appears to exist in plenty, yet time spent will never come back. This is why time management is instrumental to ensure that the world achieves the maximum potential of accessible time. This therefore is one of the factors upon which economic and socio-cultural development are based.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Improved consciousness to management of time translates to increased production. It has been reported that in Canada Airline, an exemplary and remarkable productivity increase occurred in the management offices as a result of wise use of time. This also promotes and fosters efficient use and conservation of energy. . (Mackenzie,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comfort and convenience is the desire for every human being. Keen consideration of time management ensures that the health of individuals is not compromised. Scientist, explain that human concentration levels declines with increased in time use. It is always very disheartening and exhaustive to attend a meeting that was scheduled to begin at eight yet it commences at ten in the morning. The danger is that the agendas never get adequate time to be discussed. With improved means of time management, issues will be subjected to the attention they deserve.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Redress for the challenges of efficient time management is timely and needs immediate adoption.†Where there is no vision people perish. â€Å"(Common phrase in many communities.)   People who work without a goal to achieve in live are in most cases frustrated and at the long run achieve less than their expectations. Timeliness focuses our lives. Like the salesmen who set their targets daily, every individual in the world should therefore take initiative to manage time well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A schedule that document daily, weekly, monthly and if possible yearly programs and activities should be emphasized. This will set monitory indicators that help one assess the achievements and failures. Organizations such as NGOs, CBOs, Private Sectors and government should avoid unnecessary meeting with no serious agenda to discuss. They should also adopt a performance contract with their employees. To enlighten and expose individuals to impacts of lack of consciousness to timeliness, there is need for organizations to hold frequent seminars and workshops on time utilization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, timeliness conscious is very important in economic and sociological development in the world. It is therefore, a responsibility for all, both government and individuals to embrace this concept. References Mackenzie Alec (1997).The Time Trap; The classic book o Time management 3 Ed,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AMACOM Div America Mngt Assn

Nisei Daughter by Monica Sone Essay -- Nisei Daughter Monica Sone

Nisei Daughter, by Monica Sone 'Even with all the mental anguish and struggle, an elemental instinct bound us to this soil. Here we were born; here we wanted to live. We had tasted of its freedom and learned of its brave hopes for democracy. It was too late, much too late for us to turn back.' (Sone 124). This statement is key to understanding much of the novel, Nisei Daughter, written by Monica Sone. From one perspective, this novel is an autobiographical account of a Japanese American girl and the ways in which she constructed her own self-identity. On the other hand, the novel depicts the distinct differences and tension that formed between the Issei and Nisei generations. Moreover, it can be seen as an attempt to describe the confusion experienced by Japanese Americans torn between two cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, and most obvious, Monica Sone accounts for, in an autobiographical manner, the important events and situations in her life that helped create her self-identity. She recounts an event at the age of five, when she found out that she, ?had Japanese blood.? This recognition would spark the chain of many more realizations to come. Sone describes the relationships she had with her parents and siblings. She seems very pleased with and delighted by the differing, yet caring personalities of each person in her family. Sone describes herself as a typical American child: going to school, playing mischievously with friends on the block, reading, spending quality time with... Nisei Daughter by Monica Sone Essay -- Nisei Daughter Monica Sone Nisei Daughter, by Monica Sone 'Even with all the mental anguish and struggle, an elemental instinct bound us to this soil. Here we were born; here we wanted to live. We had tasted of its freedom and learned of its brave hopes for democracy. It was too late, much too late for us to turn back.' (Sone 124). This statement is key to understanding much of the novel, Nisei Daughter, written by Monica Sone. From one perspective, this novel is an autobiographical account of a Japanese American girl and the ways in which she constructed her own self-identity. On the other hand, the novel depicts the distinct differences and tension that formed between the Issei and Nisei generations. Moreover, it can be seen as an attempt to describe the confusion experienced by Japanese Americans torn between two cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, and most obvious, Monica Sone accounts for, in an autobiographical manner, the important events and situations in her life that helped create her self-identity. She recounts an event at the age of five, when she found out that she, ?had Japanese blood.? This recognition would spark the chain of many more realizations to come. Sone describes the relationships she had with her parents and siblings. She seems very pleased with and delighted by the differing, yet caring personalities of each person in her family. Sone describes herself as a typical American child: going to school, playing mischievously with friends on the block, reading, spending quality time with...

Iraq: Past, Present, Future Essay -- Essays Papers

Iraq: Past, Present, Future Imagine you are back in time, in a land where water flows, date palms flourish and people abound. The part of the globe which the Greeks called Mesopotamia and we call†¦Iraq. In my paper, instead of focusing primarily on the impending war with Iraq, I will focus on why we are continually in a conflict with Iraq (and other Middle Eastern countries) through investigating the past, present and future of Iraq’s history. It is highly interesting how because of the US’ dealings with Iraq that have stretched back for the last twenty or thirty years, many people in this country have flawed senses of the rich history actually present in the region. Mesopotamia, or the fertile crescent, which housed some of the oldest civilizations known to man, has been all but forgotten about by western society, and the greatness and cultural fluidity that once persisted there has been forgotten almost entirely in this age of arbitrary borders and divisive politics. With the partitioning of Turkey at the conclusion of WWI, the middle east was segmented arbitrarily which led to political unrest in the region. Because of this unrest, there has continually been the apparent need and desire (on the part of the western powers, especially the United States) to intervene in the Middle East and especially Iraq. This is how one can explain the current situation we are in and have been in with Iraq for at least twenty years. When leadership is despotic, and these arbitrary border lines are crossed or disrespected, our government usually decides to intervene (especially if oil money is at stake) These interventions are simply patch-up solutions to what is a much larger problem: instability caused by arbitrary borde... ...Life Video and Television. Alexandria, Va. : Time-Life Video and Television (distributor), 1995. 11. Goffman, Daniel. The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002. 12. Mackey, Sandra. The Reckoning : Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein. 1st ed. New York : Norton, 2002. 13. Malam, John. Mesopotamia and the fertile crescent, 10,000 to 539 B.C. Austin, Tex. : Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999. 14. Tripp, Charles. A History of Iraq. 2nd ed. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002. 15. Zadok, Ran. The earliest diaspora : Israelites and Judeans in pre- Hellenistic Mesopotamia.Tel Aviv : Diaspora Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, 2002.

Mobile Phone and Phoebe Cook Copeland

Phoebe Cook Copeland ENC0025 8 April 2013 Causes and Effects of texting while driving It is a beautiful Friday morning, when all of a sudden a huge crash is heard in the distance. At the scene of the accident there is a car crushed up against a telephone pole with a young girl inside all bloodied and cut up. Taking a closer look, the young girl seems like she is simply asleep, but in her hand she holds her phone with half written message on the screen saying, â€Å"I’ll be there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately, the young girl never had the chance to finish her text message because she hit a telephone pole.This young girl’s life was tragically taken from her; however, this accident could have been avoided if she would have only waited until she got to either her destination or a red light to answer the text message. Sending text messages while driving distracts a person’s attention from the main task, which is driving the vehicle safely. Text messaging is known to co ntribute to deadly accidents that have prompted several legal districts to ban the practice in many states.The reason that people text while driving in unknown and difficult to pinpoint a specific reason; unfortunately, the effects are clearly visible on the roads and also in the news. The causes and effects of texting while driving can be avoided if people just decided to put the phone down and wait until they are not driving. Texting while driving is very dangerous, but people of all ages still do it. Studies have stated that half of the percent of people of all ages text while driving, and the other half of the percent talk on the phone when behind the wheel.Even though there is no evidence that a person is openly pressured into texting while driving, there is an expectation in society to have the dire need to respond to a text message. However, it is more likely for a person to be involved in a serious accident when texting rather than talking on the phone while driving. The rea son behind this is that, when talking on the phone it only distracts the driver, but when texting the driver has to look down at the phone to answer it. Thus, making it not only a distraction for the driver, but they have to take their eyes off the road in order to reply to the message.The effects of texting while driving left a devastating trail that lead to legal implications. Due to having so many accidents on the road, different states passed a law that banned texting while driving. This ban was placed in hopes to lessen the accidents that are caused by people who text and drive. If states can ban driving under the influence, then they can surely ban the no text law in order to keep the roads safer. However, many people have argued that it is hard to spot a person texting while they are driving because they are holding the phone in their laps, which is below the dashboard.So how can the cops catch people who text and drive? The cops are trained to watch for the driver’s b ody language. If the driver seems like they are texting while behind the wheel the cop is allowed to pull them over and issue them a fine. The causes of texting while driving resolves in the most dangerous effects that ends up taking someone’s life. However, not everyone who gets into an accident while texting is unfortunate, but the most serious accidents are due to people taking their eyes and concentration off the road to answer their text message.The reason why people do not take texting while driving seriously is because they think that taking their eyes off the road for a few seconds would not do any harm. Unfortunately, they are sorely mistaken because it only takes a split second in order for something to go terribly wrong. Not only is it dangerous for the person who is driving, but also for the other people that are in the car and on the road. If people just took texting while driving seriously and understood that it is just as dangerous as anything else, then we wou ld have less accidents and less of people’s lives being tragically stripped from them.In conclusion, it is not the lack of knowledge that people text while driving, but the lack of responsibility that goes into the act. People of all ages know the consequences of texting while driving lead to fatal accidents, yet they still do it. The temptation is too grandeur, however, the person who sent that text message can wait. Not waiting to answer that message while driving will not be worth it in the long run. The causes and effects of texting while driving can be avoided if we choose to put the phone down and wait to answer the text message until we are not driving because answering a text message is never worth a human life.